Author: Anna & Mark

Dry incubation in the winter

Weighing eggs for dry incubationDry
incubation
worked
well for me last summer, but within a day of starting this year’s first
incubator run, I could tell I needed to make some changes.  I
noticed last year that keeping the humidity in the incubator in the low
thirties ensured proper egg weight loss, and the summer air was so damp
that the right humidity was easy to achieve without adding any water to
the wells of the incubator.  However, when I plugged in the
incubator this February, humidity was in the teens to low twenties —
too dry even for dry incubation.


I filled one of the
wells with water after the first day and the humidity rose to hover
between the high twenties and low thirties.  But when I
weighed
my eggs
at the end
of day two, I could tell the eggs were still losing water too
quickly.  So I filled the second well part of the way up with
water to boost the humidity into the forties for a short time.


As the weather warmed up
outside, humidity in the incubator also rose.  Soon, filling only
one well was enough to keep the interior humidity around 35%, and my
weight
loss spreadsheet

started to show more optimal weight loss.


The moral of the story
is — dry incubation is very weather dependent, so focus on the
humidity levels in the incubator, not the amount of water you add to
the wells.  Now I’ve just got to wait another week and a half to
see how well my humidity manipulation worked.


Our chicken waterer gets chicks off to a fast
start with clean water that won’t wet their bedding.

Automatic bucket waterer easy mounting method

5 gallon bucket chicken waterer mounted to a tree

We’ve been building multiple,
fenced in chicken pastures this past year, and each one needed its own
5 gallon automatic chicken waterer.




The latest mounting method is
a simple 1×6 piece of treated appearance board attached to the side of
a tree. A small bungee cord will hold the waterer in place if you install self
tapping metal eyes for the hooks to grab onto.




Most of the time you’ll need
a couple of shelf brackets to support the board. I got lucky in the photographed location and found
a tree that had a smaller tree sprouting from its trunk. Two minutes
with a chainsaw was all it took to create the natural shelf. I realize
the tree had to make a sacrifice, but I figure the added fertilizer the
chickens will bring to the ground above its roots will more than make
up for the loss.

Chicken manure and soil science

Wagon chicken tractorDid you ever wonder how much
of the nutrient content from that bag of chicken feed ends up in the
soil?  Or how many chickens you’d need to fertilize a perfect
lawn?  Joseph Heckman is a soil scientist and chicken aficionado
who did the math so we don’t have to.




Those of you who garden
are probably familiar with N-P-K — the percent of nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium in a fertilizer.  For example, the
compost
we bought from a nearby chicken farm
has an N-P-K of 3-4-4, which
means it contains 3% nitrogen, 4% phosphorus, and 4% potassium.




PVC chicken tractorAn average bag of chicken
feed has an N-P-K of 2.66-0.6-0.84, but those nutrients don’t all end
up in the soil.  Some of the nutrients are converted to eggs, some
are used by the hen to keep herself going, and she only excretes what’s
left over.  You can
read
through the math
, or
just take Heckman’s word for it that each of your chickens enriches the
soil by 2.48 pounds of nitrogen, 0.63 pounds of phosphorus, and 0.93
pounds of potassium over the course of a year.




Heckman goes on to note
that lawn fertilizer recommendations are for around 87 pounds of nitrogen
per acre per year.  You’d need 35 chickens per acre to provide
that amount of nitrogen, or, looking at it another way, would want to
give each laying hen 1,263 square feet to make sure the lawn could suck
up all of the nutrients being pooped out by your flock.




Although chicken manure
is a high quality fertilizer, it’s possible to get too much of a good
thing.  Heckman recommends testing your soil at intervals if
pastured chickens are your primary method of fertilization since
phosphorus and potassium can eventually build up to unhealthy levels
from their rich manure.  I highly recommend Harvey Ussery’s
The
Small-Scale Poultry Flock
to help you come up with ideas on diversifying
your homestead’s fertilizing campaign
Joseph Heckmanwhile still using chickens as
the centerpiece.




The photos in this post
come from
a
post about Joseph Heckman’s farm
.  Thanks for letting me
share your information!



Our chicken waterer is perfect for pastured
poultry since it never spills on uneven terrain.