Author: Anna & Mark

Feed conversion rate for chickens

Homegrown chickenAlthough it sounds esoteric, the feed conversion rate is at the heart of raising a sustainable chicken.  Also known as the feed to meat ratio, this number is simply the pounds of feed given to a chicken divided by the weight of the cleaned carcass.

The sad truth is that the feed conversion rate for chickens raised by nearly all backyard hobbyists is two, three, or even four times as high as the ratio for industrial chickens.  Yes, you do end up with a higher quality chicken that lived a happier life if you raise it yourself, but that
chicken will not only take more money out of your pocket than buying one from the store would, your homegrown chicken will also have a larger environmental footprint.  In my mind, that’s unsustainable.


 

Let’s look at some feed to meat conversion ratios:

  • 2 : 1 — what the industry claims they get for factory farmed Cornish Cross.
    (Hard to tell if this is true.  My other numbers come from extension service websites or my own experience, both of which I trust more.)
  • 3.5 : 1 — what you can expect to get from pastured Cornish Cross in optimum weather.
  • 5.2 : 1 — Freedom Rangers on pasture, again optimal conditions.  (Other “slow” broiler breeds are in the same ball park.)
  • 6.2 : 1 — Our Dark Cornish at 12 weeks last year.

Plucking a chickenYou’ll notice that pastured chickens actually eat more feed to reach a certain weight than they would have eaten if they were confined.  (Side by side experiments have confirmed this.)  Although we think of
pastured chickens as getting a lot of their nutrition from wild food,
chickens can’t digest much grass, so what you’re really counting is how many bugs your birds found.  It seems to take broilers more energy to find bugs than they get from eating those bugs, thus the lower feed conversion rate on pasture.


Although these numbers seem very disheartening, I hope they don’t make you turn to supermarket chickens.  As I’ll explain in a later post, I think that homesteaders can grow heritage chickens at nearly the same feed conversion rate that you’d get from Cornish Cross on pasture (and maybe even better) if we’re willing to think outside the box.

 

Variety is key in chicken feed

Wheat and barleyAs our grain
experiments
start to
produce chicken feed, I decided I should look a bit further into how to
safely substitute homegrown elements for part of our chickens’
storebought diet.  I’ve posted previously that
percent
protein
is the first
factor to consider, but proportions of the components in feed is also
key.




Raising
Poultry on Pasture

included a very helpful article that admonished me not to feed our
chickens more than 15% of a combination of oats and barley, more than
30% wheat, more than 25% peas, more than 10% flax seed, or
more than 5% fishmeal.  Too much oats, barley, and wheat in the
chickens’ diet can give them diarrhea, excess peas
make
it tough for chickens to digest protein
, and going overboard on flax
seed and fishmeal can add an unpleasant smell or taste to eggs and
meat.  The article didn’t say so, but my own research has turned
up the fact that most of the high protein seeds (sunflowers, soybeans,
etc.) are also high in phytic acid and should be fed in moderation.




The solution to most of
these problems is variety.  If you mix up a bit of oats, some
wheat, a healthy helping of corn, and then some higher protein sources,
your chickens will do better than if you just fed them wheat.  For
those of you, like me, who have only grown a limited amount of grain,
another solution is to just give your flock a handful of the fresh
stuff every day rather than trying to feed solely homegrown grains for
an extended period.  My plan is to toss grain-on-the-stalk into
the coop a bit at a time to refresh the deep bedding and give the
chickens a treat.



Our chicken waterer provides the other element
of a healthy diet — clean water.

Profiting from the web and thirsty chickens