Author: Anna & Mark

Winter is a tough time to keep your chicken flock healthy.  If you’re not careful, their run will turn into a mass of mud which will erode away and pollute nearby creeks.  Meanwhile, the ground will be scratched so bare that your chickens will lack all access to fresh food.

Harvery Ussery suggests various solutions to these winter problems.  First, he recommends that you cull your flock heavily, removing any birds you don’t really need so that the remaining chickens will have more access to wild foods.

Next, how about planting cover crops to give your chickens some greenery deep into the winter?  Our chickens were supremely uninterested in our oat, winter pea, and mustard cover crop in the fall, but by December, they were happily browsing through the green leaves.  If your garden is completely dormant, you can also send your flock through there to clean up weeds and seeds.

If you see bare soil in their run, how about turning that area into a deep bedding/compost pile?  Even a small run can be biologically active through the winter months if you add enough organic matter so that your chickens can go hunting for worms.

Now’s also the time to  augment your chickens’ diets with fresh foods.  Harvey Ussery grows potatoes, sweet potatoes, mangels, winter squash, and chard for his chickens, noting that if you’re willing to cook them, potatoes can replace grains in a chicken’s diet.  Before we gave them free run of the woods, our
cooped up Light Sussex were thoroughly enjoying Tokyo Bekana — the thin leaves seem to be a very palatable green.  Ussery even dries comfrey and stinging nettle “hay” in the summer to dole out extra nutrients to his flock through the cold months.

Most of those winter pick-me-ups require some forethought during the spring, summer, and fall, but you can feed your chickens sprouts for nearly instant greenery.  Rather than buying his grains in pellet or mash form, Ussery buys several grains in bulk and mixes his own feeds.  In the summer, he grinds the larger grains and feeds the smaller ones whole, but in the winter he sprouts all of the grains in modified five gallon buckets.  He uses a five day cycle, soaking the first day, then rinsing daily until the sprouts are ready.  Give the chickens
free choice minerals or sprinkle them on top of the grain and you have a complete diet with extra protein, vitamins, and enzymes.

For more tips on keeping
your chickens healthy on a budget, I highly recommend Harvey Ussery’s The
Small-Scale Poultry Flock.

Every
winter around this time, I rediscover my hens’ love for
chickweed.  Common chickweed (Stellaria
media) is a weed
on my garden beds, and by February it has often spread out in large
masses across any bare ground. I rip it out by the roots and toss
handfuls into the chicken tractors.



In the summer, our hens
could care less about chickweed — they get enough lush, green growth
picking through the weeds under their feet.  But in the winter,
they’re mostly scratching through brown grass, and chickweed is much
appreciated.  I filled up the wheelbarrow and spread the contents
between our three tractors — by the next morning, I couldn’t see any
hint of chickweed left.  It had all gone down my girls’ gullets!



Unfortunately, the USDA
doesn’t provide nutritional analyses of common backyard weeds, but
various sources report that chickweed is a dynamic
accumulator of
potassium, phosphorus, and manganese.  I can just feel our hens
shaking off those winter blues!



Don’t forget to start
your homemade chicken
waterers to prepare
for spring!

This post is part of our Homemade Chicken Feed series.  Read all of the entries: What do chickens eat in the wild? The basics: Percent protein in three types of chicken feed Recipes for homemade starter and grower chicken feeds Recipes for homemade layer chicken feeds Protein content in chicken feed ingredients Vitamins and minerals in chicken feed Grains: Growing grains for chicken feed Sprouting and processing grain for chicken feed Alternative chicken feed ingredients: Chickweed is a winter pick-me-up for chickens Mealworms as chicken feed Japanese beetles as chicken feed Black soldier fly larvae as chicken feed Earthworms as chicken feed Duckweed as chicken feed Trash as chicken feed